http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/climate_change/articles/entry/1180/
By Matthew Lewis | February 24, 2009
A sampling of power players:
Andrew Athy, Former Counsel, House Energy and Commerce
Partner, O’Neill, Athy & Casey
Athy served as counsel to the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Power, chaired by Rep. John Dingell. He has been in private practice since 1981. Climate clients: Energy Future Holdings, U.S. Steel.
Wayne L. Berman, Former Assistant Secretary of Commerce
Managing Director, Ogilvy Government Relations
In addition to serving in President George H.W. Bush’s administration, Berman worked in the Reagan/Bush transition team and later for the Bush/Cheney team, and was a presidential campaign adviser. Climate clients: American Petroleum Institute, Chevron, the Electric Power Supply Association, and steel manufacturer Nucor, among others.
Former Senator John B. Breaux, Louisiana Democrat
Founding Partner, Breaux Lott Leadership Group
The former House member and three-term Senator served as deputy Senate whip. He opened his lobbying firm with former Senator Trent Lott, a Mississippi Republican, in 2008. Breaux serves on the board of directors of transportation giant CSX. Climate clients: Chevron, Shell Oil, Quinn Gillespie and Associates on behalf of the power company Entergy.
Kirk Blalock, Former Special Assistant to President George W. Bush
Partner, Fierce, Isakowitz & Blalock
Blalock served as deputy director of the White House Office of Public Liaison, where he acted as go-between with the business community. Climate clients: Business Roundtable, Ford Motor Co, American Forest & Paper Association, MillerCoors, South California Edison, and the Bipartisan Advocacy Center.
Charles H. Knauss, Former Staffer, House Energy and Commerce Committee
Partner, Bingham McCutchen
A former minority Republican counsel to the committee, Knauss helped develop the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments, a topic on which he authored a book. Climate clients: Exxon Mobil, General Electric.
Former Representative Victor H. Fazio, California Democrat
Senior Adviser, Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld
Fazio served in the House for two decades, and was Democratic Caucus chair from 1995 until his retirement in 1998. He currently serves on the board of directors at Fortune 500 aerospace and defense company Northrop Grumman. Climate clients: hedge fund manager Julian Robertson, Pacific Gas and Electric, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Global Intellectual Policy Center.
Drew Maloney, Former Legislative Director, Republican House Majority Whip Tom Delay
Ogilvy Government Relations
Maloney worked closely with Delay on a number of topics, including energy legislation. He represented 13 organizations in the climate lobby last year. Climate clients: Electric Power Supply Association, American Petroleum Institute, and Association of International Auto Manufacturers, among others.
Frances McPoland, Former Environmental Aide to President Clinton
Colling, Swift & Hynes
McPoland served Clinton as an executive within the White House Council on Environmental Quality. Prior to that, she worked on the Hill as an aide to Congressmen Esteban Torres (D-CA) and Dick Ottinger (D-NY). Climate clients: Eight different paper or packaging companies, including Rock-Tenn, Cascades Boxboard Group, and White Pigeon Paper.
Former Representative Richard Gephardt, Missouri Democrat
President and CEO of The Gephardt Group
The former Congressman and two-time Presidential candidate served as House Majority Leader from 1989 to 1994 and minority leader from 1995 to 2003. Gephardt serves on the boards of directors at several corporations including U.S. Steel. He founded the Gephardt Group in 2005. Climate clients: Peabody Energy, the leading coal company , and power company Ameren Services, both based in St. Louis.
Tony Podesta
Chairman, Podesta Group
The brother and former partner of John Podesta, who headed President Obama’s transition, he was dubbed by Newsweek as “The Lobbyist” in a profile of the Washington power elite. Podesta also teamed up in 2007 with former House Appropriations Chairman Livingston to launch the joint PLM Group, headed by former Rep. Toby Moffett (D-CT). Climate clients: Wal-Mart, BP America, Sunoco, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, and South Coast Air Quality Management District.
Jack Quinn, Former White House Counsel
Co-founder and chairman, Quinn Gillespie & Associates
Quinn served as President Clinton’s chief legal adviser after previous stints as chief of staff and counselor to Vice President Al Gore. Climate clients: American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, Cemex, and Daimler Mercedes-Benz.
Jeffrey Holmstead, Former Assistant Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency
Partner and Head of Environmental Strategy, Bracewell & Giuliani
A former associate White House counsel under President George H.W. Bush, Holmstead worked on passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and was appointed to head the EPA’s air and radiation office in 2001. Climate clients: Power companies Southern Company, Duke Energy, Ameren, Energy Future Holdings, Progress Energy, Salt River Project, the Electric Reliability Coordinating Council, and rail company CSX Transportation.
Thomas M. Ryan, Former Aide, House Energy and Commerce Committee
Partner, Ryan, MacKinnon, Vasapoli & Berzok
From 1977 to 1987, Ryan served as Democratic counsel to the committee, including as chief counsel beginning in 1985. Climate clients: Delta Airlines, Edison Electric Institute, Accenture, and Sunoco, among others.
Former Representative Robert L. Livingston, Louisiana Republican
Founding partner, The Livingston Group
Livingston served a dozen terms in the House beginning in 1977, and chaired the House Appropriations Committee from 1995 through 1998. He serves on multiple boards, including that of cement manufacturer Holcim, and founded The Livingston Group after leaving Congress in 1999. Livingston also teamed up in 2007 with Democratic lobbyist Tony Podesta to launch the joint PLM Group, headed by former Rep. Toby Moffett (D-CT). Climate client: Ashland Inc., a diversified chemical company.
Former Representative Allan Swift, Washington Democrat
Partner, Colling, Swift & Hynes
Swift served eight terms in the House beginning in 1979. He sat on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, chairing its subcommittee on Transportation and Hazardous Materials. Climate clients: Eight different paper or packaging companies, including Rock-Tenn, Cascades Boxboard Group, and White Pigeon Paper. Also, the government of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Former Representative Vin Weber, Minnesota Republican
Managing Partner, Clark & Weinstock
The former six-term Congressman opened Clark & Weinstock’s Washington office in 1994. He served as a regional chairman for the Bush-Cheney reelection campaign and is on the board of the Council on Foreign Relations. Climate clients: Power companies Xcel Energy and Great River Energy, relief organization Oxfam America.
Thursday 26 February 2009
Wednesday 25 February 2009
Who's behind Pak-Iran Tension?
Those who have been shouting anti-Taliban slogans in Iran and burning Pakistan flag must know that it was half Iranian Shia, Benzair Bhutto who supported, nurtured and created Taliban with the support of her foreign masters. Benazir’s minister Nasser Ullah Babur use to call Taliban 'my boys’. She apologized for creating and supporting Taliban at London School of Economics in front of large a gathering in May 2007. Religion in politics does not matter in Pakistan. Iran should be careful with its Shia Left and Right!
ZA Bhutto was Shia introduced in politics by Skandar Mirz (who was from the line of traitor Mir Jafar) a staunch Shia currently buried in Mashhad РIran. His Iranian wife Naheed Skindar Mirza was wife of Iranian Military Attach̩ in Islamabad whom SM started an affair before her divorce. She was instrumental in 2nd Marriage of Zulifqar Ali Bhutto with Nusrat Isphani mother of Benazir.
Benazir Bhutto was married by a Shia Imam to Asif Zardari but people of Pakistan elected Ms Bhutto and her father prime minister of Pakistan twice and her husband President. Third re-launching of Benazir Bhutto (and now Zardari) had a Shia dimension too? The Americanized Shia President Zardari is behaving and dressing like Iranian leaders? Benazir and Zardari’s links with Zionist lobby and complete reliance on foreign actors, Benazir Bhutto’s murder investigation by UN is a clear sign of mistrust on Pakistani institutions?
PPP was formed in the house of a Shia, Dr Mubshar Hassan, Bhutto’s finance minister according to reports. MQM also formed and overly represented in leadership by the mostly leftist Shias like John Elia, Raees Emrovhee, Shanshaha Hussain, Abbas Kumeli, Haider Abbas Rizivi and many others. Both the above parties are in complete patronage of India and US! Senator Mushahid Husain the brain of former ruling party PMLQ, Faisal Salah Hayat former interior minister, SM Zafar former law minister, lawyer Naeem Bukhari (reportedly used by Gen Mushraf to sack CJP Iftikhar Chaudhry), Dr Shireen Mazari, spokesperson of Imran Khan’s PTI, Prof Mehdi Hassan, Naseem Zahra, Hasan Askri Rizvi also come from Shia background.
Does Sunnis in Iran have same high positions, liberties, and freedoms as Shias in Pakistan ? For example many known and reported Shias of Pakistan are in high political and government positions doing their jobs without any problems. President Asif Zardari, Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani, Information Minster Sherry Rehman, Governor State Bank Saleem Raza, Secretary Defence Athar Ali, DG ISPR Maj Gen Athar Abbas brother of renowned journalists Azhar Abbas (Former GEO TV- DAWN TV), Mazhar Abbas (AFP), and Zafar Abbas (BBC). Former Pakistan ’s ambassador to US Abida Hussain her daughter newly elected Senator Kalsum Imam, Senator Faisal Raza Abidi, Faisal Sabzwari, Sind Chief Minister, deputy speaker Sind Assembly Shela Raza PPP and many others. So when, 'Khurshid Kasuri former Foreign Minister said to the Iranian Foreign Minister, "Pakistani Shias are not like Sunnis in Iran". He meant the above?
Since 2001, US policy is quite focused on Shias and Sunnis. On the one hand US siding with Shias in Iraq and Afghanistan against Sunnis but on the other hand supporting Sunnis in Middle East against Shia Hezbollah and Syria. Interestingly the wizard of the US policy on Shias and Sunnis is Vali Nasar son of Husain Nasr who was close to Shah of Iran. He is Professor at the US Naval Postgraduate School, an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He tells people what they want to hear not what they should know!
Vali Nasr wrote in Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006, 'When the Shiites Rise’, "By toppling Saddam Hussein, the Bush administration has liberated and empowered Iraq's Shiite majority and has helped launch a broad Shiite revival that will upset the sectarian balance in Iraq and the Middle East for years to come. This development is rattling some Sunni Arab governments, but for Washington , it could be a chance to build bridges with the region's Shiites, especially in Iran ".
The use of Shias as collaborators is nothing new in the history. Both Mir Sadaiq who betrayed Tipu Sultan and Mir Jafar, who betrayed Sirajudullah in the Battle of Plassy in Bengal , supported and collaborated with British invaders were Shias. Fall of Bengal was the key to the 200 years British rule in India ? Historically, "Vengeful Shiites volunteered help to the Mongols in Mosul and other places along their march. The caliph’s vizier, or chief minister, was himself a Shiite of uncertain loyalty. Islamic opinion afterward held that the vizier, al-Alkamzi, vilely betrayed the caliph and conspired with the Mongols; an exhortation in Muslim school books used to say, "Let him be cursed of God who curses not al-Alkamzi." As fighting began, Hulagu, acknowledging the importance of Shiite support, prudently posted guard detachments of a hundred Mongol horsemen at the most sacred Shiite shrines in Najef and Karbala wrote Ian Frazier April 25, 2005 in The New Yorker.
" Iran may be bombastic but Pakistan has the Bomb", wrote Douglas Bloomfield in The Jerusalem Post on 3rd September 2008, " Iran may boast of great strides in its pursuit of nuclear, missile and satellite technology, but analysts say its progress is no match for its overblown rhetoric. But Pakistan doesn't need to boast. It already has a stockpile estimated at 60 or more nuclear warheads and North Korean ballistic missiles and US-made F-16s to deliver them."
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=52018&s2=22
ZA Bhutto was Shia introduced in politics by Skandar Mirz (who was from the line of traitor Mir Jafar) a staunch Shia currently buried in Mashhad РIran. His Iranian wife Naheed Skindar Mirza was wife of Iranian Military Attach̩ in Islamabad whom SM started an affair before her divorce. She was instrumental in 2nd Marriage of Zulifqar Ali Bhutto with Nusrat Isphani mother of Benazir.
Benazir Bhutto was married by a Shia Imam to Asif Zardari but people of Pakistan elected Ms Bhutto and her father prime minister of Pakistan twice and her husband President. Third re-launching of Benazir Bhutto (and now Zardari) had a Shia dimension too? The Americanized Shia President Zardari is behaving and dressing like Iranian leaders? Benazir and Zardari’s links with Zionist lobby and complete reliance on foreign actors, Benazir Bhutto’s murder investigation by UN is a clear sign of mistrust on Pakistani institutions?
PPP was formed in the house of a Shia, Dr Mubshar Hassan, Bhutto’s finance minister according to reports. MQM also formed and overly represented in leadership by the mostly leftist Shias like John Elia, Raees Emrovhee, Shanshaha Hussain, Abbas Kumeli, Haider Abbas Rizivi and many others. Both the above parties are in complete patronage of India and US! Senator Mushahid Husain the brain of former ruling party PMLQ, Faisal Salah Hayat former interior minister, SM Zafar former law minister, lawyer Naeem Bukhari (reportedly used by Gen Mushraf to sack CJP Iftikhar Chaudhry), Dr Shireen Mazari, spokesperson of Imran Khan’s PTI, Prof Mehdi Hassan, Naseem Zahra, Hasan Askri Rizvi also come from Shia background.
Does Sunnis in Iran have same high positions, liberties, and freedoms as Shias in Pakistan ? For example many known and reported Shias of Pakistan are in high political and government positions doing their jobs without any problems. President Asif Zardari, Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani, Information Minster Sherry Rehman, Governor State Bank Saleem Raza, Secretary Defence Athar Ali, DG ISPR Maj Gen Athar Abbas brother of renowned journalists Azhar Abbas (Former GEO TV- DAWN TV), Mazhar Abbas (AFP), and Zafar Abbas (BBC). Former Pakistan ’s ambassador to US Abida Hussain her daughter newly elected Senator Kalsum Imam, Senator Faisal Raza Abidi, Faisal Sabzwari, Sind Chief Minister, deputy speaker Sind Assembly Shela Raza PPP and many others. So when, 'Khurshid Kasuri former Foreign Minister said to the Iranian Foreign Minister, "Pakistani Shias are not like Sunnis in Iran". He meant the above?
Since 2001, US policy is quite focused on Shias and Sunnis. On the one hand US siding with Shias in Iraq and Afghanistan against Sunnis but on the other hand supporting Sunnis in Middle East against Shia Hezbollah and Syria. Interestingly the wizard of the US policy on Shias and Sunnis is Vali Nasar son of Husain Nasr who was close to Shah of Iran. He is Professor at the US Naval Postgraduate School, an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. He tells people what they want to hear not what they should know!
Vali Nasr wrote in Foreign Affairs, July/August 2006, 'When the Shiites Rise’, "By toppling Saddam Hussein, the Bush administration has liberated and empowered Iraq's Shiite majority and has helped launch a broad Shiite revival that will upset the sectarian balance in Iraq and the Middle East for years to come. This development is rattling some Sunni Arab governments, but for Washington , it could be a chance to build bridges with the region's Shiites, especially in Iran ".
The use of Shias as collaborators is nothing new in the history. Both Mir Sadaiq who betrayed Tipu Sultan and Mir Jafar, who betrayed Sirajudullah in the Battle of Plassy in Bengal , supported and collaborated with British invaders were Shias. Fall of Bengal was the key to the 200 years British rule in India ? Historically, "Vengeful Shiites volunteered help to the Mongols in Mosul and other places along their march. The caliph’s vizier, or chief minister, was himself a Shiite of uncertain loyalty. Islamic opinion afterward held that the vizier, al-Alkamzi, vilely betrayed the caliph and conspired with the Mongols; an exhortation in Muslim school books used to say, "Let him be cursed of God who curses not al-Alkamzi." As fighting began, Hulagu, acknowledging the importance of Shiite support, prudently posted guard detachments of a hundred Mongol horsemen at the most sacred Shiite shrines in Najef and Karbala wrote Ian Frazier April 25, 2005 in The New Yorker.
" Iran may be bombastic but Pakistan has the Bomb", wrote Douglas Bloomfield in The Jerusalem Post on 3rd September 2008, " Iran may boast of great strides in its pursuit of nuclear, missile and satellite technology, but analysts say its progress is no match for its overblown rhetoric. But Pakistan doesn't need to boast. It already has a stockpile estimated at 60 or more nuclear warheads and North Korean ballistic missiles and US-made F-16s to deliver them."
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=52018&s2=22
The conflict in the Congo is a resource war waged by U.S. and British allies
The earliest proposal came from Herman Cohen, former assistant secretary of state for African affairs under George Herbert Walker Bush. He proposed that Rwanda be rewarded for its well documented looting of Congo's wealth by being a part of a Central and/or East African free trade zone whereby Rwanda would keep its ill-gotten gains.
The report "found evidence that the Rwandan authorities have been complicit in the recruitment of soldiers, including children, have facilitated the supply of military equipment, and have sent officers and units from the Rwandan Defense Forces" to the DRC. The support is for the National Congress for the Defense of the People, or CNDP, formerly led by self-proclaimed Gen. Laurent Nkunda.
The report also shows that the CNDP is sheltering a war criminal wanted by the International Criminal Court, Gen. Jean Bosco Ntaganda. The CNDP has used Rwanda as a rear base for fundraising meetings and bank accounts, and Uganda is once more implicated as Nkunda has met regularly with embassies in both Kigali and Kampala.
Also, Uganda is accepting illegal CNDP immigration papers. Earlier U.N. reports said that Kagame and Museveni are the mafia dons of Congo's exploitation. This has not changed in any substantive way.
The report implicates Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa, a close advisor to Paul Kagame, president of Rwanda. Rujugiro is the founder of the Rwandan Investment Group. This is not the first time he has been named by the United Nations as one of the individuals contributing to the conflict in the Congo.
In April 2001, he was identified as Tibere Rujigiro in the U.N. Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as one of the figures illegally exploiting Congo's wealth. His implication this time comes in financial contributions to CNDP and appropriation of land.
This brings to light the organizations he is a part of, which include but are not limited to the Rwanda Development Board, the Rwandan Investment Group, of which he is the founder, and Kagame's Presidential Advisory Council. They have members as notable as Rev. Rick Warren, business tycoon Joe Ritchie, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Scott Ford of Alltell, Dr. Clet Niyikiza of GlaxoSmithKline, former U.S. President Bill Clinton and many more.
These connections provide some insight into why Rwanda has been able to commit and support remarkable atrocities in the Congo without receiving even a reprimand in spite of the fact that two European courts have charged their top leadership with war crimes and crimes against humanity. It is only recently that two European nations, Sweden and the Netherlands, have decided to withhold aid from Rwanda as a result of its aggression against the Congolese people.
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=52064&s2=23
The report "found evidence that the Rwandan authorities have been complicit in the recruitment of soldiers, including children, have facilitated the supply of military equipment, and have sent officers and units from the Rwandan Defense Forces" to the DRC. The support is for the National Congress for the Defense of the People, or CNDP, formerly led by self-proclaimed Gen. Laurent Nkunda.
The report also shows that the CNDP is sheltering a war criminal wanted by the International Criminal Court, Gen. Jean Bosco Ntaganda. The CNDP has used Rwanda as a rear base for fundraising meetings and bank accounts, and Uganda is once more implicated as Nkunda has met regularly with embassies in both Kigali and Kampala.
Also, Uganda is accepting illegal CNDP immigration papers. Earlier U.N. reports said that Kagame and Museveni are the mafia dons of Congo's exploitation. This has not changed in any substantive way.
The report implicates Tribert Rujugiro Ayabatwa, a close advisor to Paul Kagame, president of Rwanda. Rujugiro is the founder of the Rwandan Investment Group. This is not the first time he has been named by the United Nations as one of the individuals contributing to the conflict in the Congo.
In April 2001, he was identified as Tibere Rujigiro in the U.N. Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as one of the figures illegally exploiting Congo's wealth. His implication this time comes in financial contributions to CNDP and appropriation of land.
This brings to light the organizations he is a part of, which include but are not limited to the Rwanda Development Board, the Rwandan Investment Group, of which he is the founder, and Kagame's Presidential Advisory Council. They have members as notable as Rev. Rick Warren, business tycoon Joe Ritchie, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Scott Ford of Alltell, Dr. Clet Niyikiza of GlaxoSmithKline, former U.S. President Bill Clinton and many more.
These connections provide some insight into why Rwanda has been able to commit and support remarkable atrocities in the Congo without receiving even a reprimand in spite of the fact that two European courts have charged their top leadership with war crimes and crimes against humanity. It is only recently that two European nations, Sweden and the Netherlands, have decided to withhold aid from Rwanda as a result of its aggression against the Congolese people.
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=52064&s2=23
Sunday 22 February 2009
The Death of The News
Journalism as we know it is in crisis. Daily newspapers are going out of business at an unprecedented rate, and the survivors are slashing their budgets. Thousands of reporters and editors have lost their jobs. No print publication is immune, including the mighty New York Times. As analyst Allan Mutter noted, 2008 was the worst year in history for newspaper publishers, with shares dropping a stunning 83 percent on average. Newspapers lost $64.5 billion in market value in 12 months.
http://informationclearinghouse.info/article22021.htm
http://informationclearinghouse.info/article22021.htm
Chomsky: Obama OKed Israel's Gaza war
By Press TV
February 21, 2009 "Press TV" -- Renowned US intellectual Noam Chomsky says Barack Obama did not comment on Israel's war on Gaza, as it was part of the "premeditated" plan. We have been informed by an Israeli source that the recent invasion of the Gaza Strip was completely premeditated, Chomsky said in an interview with the French Al-Ahram daily.
The plan was to deliver the maximum blow to Gaza before the new US president took office, so that he could put these matters behind him added the famous intellectual, referring to Obama's pledge to resolve the Israeli Palestinian conflict.
According to Chomsky, while Israel was pounding the Gaza Strip -- during which over 1300 Palestinians were killed --, Obama excused his silence by saying that "There's only one president at a time."
This, however, did not prevent the then president-elect from commenting on other leading issues of US domestic and foreign policy, Chomsky argued.
The recognized political analyst also criticized Obama for repeating the notion that defending Israel is a US priority. He predicted that during the Obama presidency US will hold the same policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=86336§ionid=351020202
February 21, 2009 "Press TV" -- Renowned US intellectual Noam Chomsky says Barack Obama did not comment on Israel's war on Gaza, as it was part of the "premeditated" plan. We have been informed by an Israeli source that the recent invasion of the Gaza Strip was completely premeditated, Chomsky said in an interview with the French Al-Ahram daily.
The plan was to deliver the maximum blow to Gaza before the new US president took office, so that he could put these matters behind him added the famous intellectual, referring to Obama's pledge to resolve the Israeli Palestinian conflict.
According to Chomsky, while Israel was pounding the Gaza Strip -- during which over 1300 Palestinians were killed --, Obama excused his silence by saying that "There's only one president at a time."
This, however, did not prevent the then president-elect from commenting on other leading issues of US domestic and foreign policy, Chomsky argued.
The recognized political analyst also criticized Obama for repeating the notion that defending Israel is a US priority. He predicted that during the Obama presidency US will hold the same policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=86336§ionid=351020202
Cambodia's Missing Criminals
By John Pilger
February 21, 2009 "Information Clearing House" -- At my hotel in Phnom Penh, the women and children sat on one side of the room, palais-style, the men on the other. It was a disco night and a lot of fun; then suddenly people walked to the windows and wept. The DJ had played a song by the much-loved Khmer singer, Sin Sisamouth, who had been forced to dig his own grave and to sing the Khmer Rouge anthem before he was beaten to death. I experienced many such reminders in the years following Pol Pot’s fall.
There was another kind of reminder. In the village of Neak Long, a Mekong River town, I walked with a distraught man through a necklace of bomb craters. His entire family of 13 had been blown to pieces by an American B-52. That had happened almost two years before Pol Pot came to power in 1975. It is estimated more than 600,000 Cambodians were slaughtered that way.
The problem with the United Nations-backed trial of the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders, which has just begun in Phom Penh, is that it is dealing only with the killers of Sin Sisamouth and not with the killers of the family in Neak Long, and not with their collaborators. There were three stages of Cambodia’s holocaust. Pol Pot’s genocide was but one of them, yet only it has a place in the official memory. It is highly unlikely Pot Pot would have come to power had President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, not attacked neutral Cambodia, In 1973, B-52s dropped more bombs on Cambodia’s populated heartland than were dropped on Japan during all of the Second World War: the equivalent of five Hiroshimas. Declassified files reveal that the CIA was in little doubt of the effect. “[The Khmer Rouge] are using damage caused by B52 strikes as the main theme of their propaganda,” reported the director of operations on May 2, 1973. “This approach has resulted in the successful recruitment of a number of young men [and] has been effective with refugees.” Prior to the bombing, the Khmer Rouge had been a Maoist cult without a popular base. The bombing delivered a catalyst. What Nixon and Kissinger began, Pol Pot completed.
Kissinger will not be in the dock in Phom Penh. He is advising President Obama on geo-politics. Neither will Margaret Thatcher, nor a number of her comfortably retired senior ministers and officials who, in secretly supporting the Khmer Rouge after the Vietnamese had expelled them, contributed directly to the third stage of Cambodia’s holocaust. In 1979, the US and British governments imposed a devastating embargo on stricken Cambodia because its liberators, Vietnam, had come from the wrong side of the cold war. Few Foreign Office campaigns have been as cynical or as brutal. At the UN, the British demanded that the now defunct Pol Pot regime retain the “right” to represent its victims at the UN and voted with Pol Pot in the agencies of the UN, including the World Health Organisation, thereby preventing it from working inside Cambodia.
To disguise this outrage, Britain, the US and China, Pol Pot’s principal backer, invented a “non communist” coalition in exile that was, in fact, dominated by the Khmer Rouge. In Thailand, the CIA and Defence Intelligence Agency formed direct links with the Khmer Rouge. In 1983, the Thatcher government sent the SAS to train the “coalition” in landmine technology – in a country more seeded with mines than anywhere on earth except Afghanistan. “I confirm,” Thatcher wrote to opposition leader Neil Kinnock, “that there is no British government involvement of any kind in training, equipping or co-operating with Khmer Rouge forces or those allied to them.” The lie was breathtaking. On June 25, 1991, the Major government was forced to admit to parliament that the SAS had been secretly training the “coalition”. Unless international justice is a farce, those who sided with Pol Pot’s mass murderers ought to be summoned to the court in Phnom Penh: at the very least their names read into infamy’s register.
http://informationclearinghouse.info/article22057.htm
February 21, 2009 "Information Clearing House" -- At my hotel in Phnom Penh, the women and children sat on one side of the room, palais-style, the men on the other. It was a disco night and a lot of fun; then suddenly people walked to the windows and wept. The DJ had played a song by the much-loved Khmer singer, Sin Sisamouth, who had been forced to dig his own grave and to sing the Khmer Rouge anthem before he was beaten to death. I experienced many such reminders in the years following Pol Pot’s fall.
There was another kind of reminder. In the village of Neak Long, a Mekong River town, I walked with a distraught man through a necklace of bomb craters. His entire family of 13 had been blown to pieces by an American B-52. That had happened almost two years before Pol Pot came to power in 1975. It is estimated more than 600,000 Cambodians were slaughtered that way.
The problem with the United Nations-backed trial of the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders, which has just begun in Phom Penh, is that it is dealing only with the killers of Sin Sisamouth and not with the killers of the family in Neak Long, and not with their collaborators. There were three stages of Cambodia’s holocaust. Pol Pot’s genocide was but one of them, yet only it has a place in the official memory. It is highly unlikely Pot Pot would have come to power had President Richard Nixon and his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, not attacked neutral Cambodia, In 1973, B-52s dropped more bombs on Cambodia’s populated heartland than were dropped on Japan during all of the Second World War: the equivalent of five Hiroshimas. Declassified files reveal that the CIA was in little doubt of the effect. “[The Khmer Rouge] are using damage caused by B52 strikes as the main theme of their propaganda,” reported the director of operations on May 2, 1973. “This approach has resulted in the successful recruitment of a number of young men [and] has been effective with refugees.” Prior to the bombing, the Khmer Rouge had been a Maoist cult without a popular base. The bombing delivered a catalyst. What Nixon and Kissinger began, Pol Pot completed.
Kissinger will not be in the dock in Phom Penh. He is advising President Obama on geo-politics. Neither will Margaret Thatcher, nor a number of her comfortably retired senior ministers and officials who, in secretly supporting the Khmer Rouge after the Vietnamese had expelled them, contributed directly to the third stage of Cambodia’s holocaust. In 1979, the US and British governments imposed a devastating embargo on stricken Cambodia because its liberators, Vietnam, had come from the wrong side of the cold war. Few Foreign Office campaigns have been as cynical or as brutal. At the UN, the British demanded that the now defunct Pol Pot regime retain the “right” to represent its victims at the UN and voted with Pol Pot in the agencies of the UN, including the World Health Organisation, thereby preventing it from working inside Cambodia.
To disguise this outrage, Britain, the US and China, Pol Pot’s principal backer, invented a “non communist” coalition in exile that was, in fact, dominated by the Khmer Rouge. In Thailand, the CIA and Defence Intelligence Agency formed direct links with the Khmer Rouge. In 1983, the Thatcher government sent the SAS to train the “coalition” in landmine technology – in a country more seeded with mines than anywhere on earth except Afghanistan. “I confirm,” Thatcher wrote to opposition leader Neil Kinnock, “that there is no British government involvement of any kind in training, equipping or co-operating with Khmer Rouge forces or those allied to them.” The lie was breathtaking. On June 25, 1991, the Major government was forced to admit to parliament that the SAS had been secretly training the “coalition”. Unless international justice is a farce, those who sided with Pol Pot’s mass murderers ought to be summoned to the court in Phnom Penh: at the very least their names read into infamy’s register.
http://informationclearinghouse.info/article22057.htm
Tuesday 17 February 2009
Blair The Fucker
In a letter to the committee, Clive Stafford Smith, the director of Reprieve, says: "The ISC would want to know whether the intelligence services brought the issue of Mr Mohamed's abuse to the attention of the prime minister (then Mr Blair) – and, if not, why not." He said if the evidence had been brought to Blair's attention, "the ISC would want to know what, if anything, was done about it. If nothing was done, that would raise serious questions about the respect that the UK government has for its obligations under the convention against torture."
Evidence heard by the court in-camera – once the public and the media had been excluded – resulted in Jacqui Smith, the home secretary, asking the attorney general, Lady Scotland, to investigate "possible criminal wrongdoing" by both American and British security and intelligence officers.
Witness B's testimony is expected to be considered by MPs and peers on parliament's joint committee on human rights, which has begun an inquiry into allegations of British collusion in the torture of detainees in Pakistan, and is asking Miliband and Smith to give evidence.
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=51858&s2=17
Evidence heard by the court in-camera – once the public and the media had been excluded – resulted in Jacqui Smith, the home secretary, asking the attorney general, Lady Scotland, to investigate "possible criminal wrongdoing" by both American and British security and intelligence officers.
Witness B's testimony is expected to be considered by MPs and peers on parliament's joint committee on human rights, which has begun an inquiry into allegations of British collusion in the torture of detainees in Pakistan, and is asking Miliband and Smith to give evidence.
http://www.uruknet.de:80/?s1=1&p=51858&s2=17
Saturday 7 February 2009
List of Banks Receiving Funds From $700B TARP/ Thursday, February 05, 2009
This list includes all the banks receiving funds from the Treasury's $700B Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP).
The following is a list of TARP recipients as of January 31, 2009:
Bank of America Corporation
Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Citigroup Inc.
The Goldman Sachs Group
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Morgan Stanley
State Street Corporation
Wells Fargo & Company
Bank of Commerce Holdings
1st FS Corporation
UCBH Holdings, Inc.
Northern Trust Corporation
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Broadway Financial Corporation
Washington Federal Inc.
BB&T Corp.
Provident Bancshares Corp.
Umpqua Holdings Corp.
Comerica Inc.
Regions Financial Corp.
Capital One Financial Corporation
First Horizon National Corporation
Huntington Bancshares
KeyCorp
Valley National Bancorp
Zions Bancorporation
Marshall & Ilsley
U.S. Bancorp
TCF Financial Corporation
First Niagara Financial Group
HF Financial Corp.
Centerstate Banks of Florida Inc.
City National Corporation
First Community Bankshares Inc.
Western Alliance Bancorporation
Webster Financial Corporation
Pacific Capital Bancorp
Heritage Commerce Corp.
Ameris Bancorp
Porter Bancorp Inc.
Banner Corporation
Cascade Financial Corporation
Columbia Banking System, Inc.
Heritage Financial Corporation
First PacTrust Bancorp, Inc.
Severn Bancorp, Inc.
Boston Private Financial Holdings, Inc.
Associated Banc-Corp
Trustmark Corporation
First Community Corporation
Taylor Capital Group
Nara Bancorp, Inc.
Midwest Banc Holdings, Inc.
MB Financial Inc.
First Midwest Bancorp, Inc.
United Community Banks, Inc.
Wesbanco Bank Inc.
Encore Bancshares Inc.
Manhattan Bancorp
Iberiabank Corporation
Eagle Bancorp, Inc.
Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc.
Coastal Banking Company, Inc.
East West Bancorp
South Financial Group, Inc.
Great Southern Bancorp
Cathay General Bancorp
Southern Community Financial Corp.
CVB Financial Corp
First Defiance Financial Corp.
First Financial Holdings Inc.
Superior Bancorp Inc.
Southwest Bancorp, Inc.
Popular, Inc.
Blue Valley Ban Corp
Central Federal Corporation
Bank of Marin Bancorp
Bank of North Carolina
Central Bancorp, Inc.
Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.
State Bancorp, Inc.
TIB Financial Corp
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Old Line Bancshares, Inc.
FPB Bancorp, Inc.
Sterling Financial Corporation
Oak Valley Bancorp
Old National Bancorp
Capital Bank Corporation
Pacific International Bancorp
SVB Financial Group
LNB Bancorp Inc.
Wilmington Trust Corporation
Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc
Signature Bank
HopFed Bancorp
Citizens Republic Bancorp, Inc.
Indiana Community Bancorp
Bank of the Ozarks, Inc.
Center Financial Corporation
NewBridge Bancorp
Sterling Bancshares, Inc.
The Bancorp, Inc.
TowneBank
Wilshire Bancorp, Inc.
Valley Financial Corporation
Independent Bank Corporation
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.
First Litchfield Financial Corporation
National Penn Bancshares, Inc.
Northeast Bancorp
Citizens South Banking Corporation
Virginia Commerce Bancorp
Fidelity Bancorp, Inc.
LSB Corporation
Intermountain Community Bancorp
Community West Bancshares
Synovus Financial Corp.
Tennessee Commerce Bancorp, Inc.
Community Bankers Trust Corporation
BancTrust Financial Group, Inc.
Enterprise Financial Services Corp.
Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc.
Summit State Bank
VIST Financial Corp.
Wainwright Bank & Trust Company
Whitney Holding Corporation
The Connecticut Bank and Trust Company
CoBiz Financial Inc.
Santa Lucia Bancorp
Seacoast Banking Corporation of Florida
Horizon Bancorp
Fidelity Southern Corporation
Community Financial Corporation
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
First California Financial Group, Inc
AmeriServ Financial, Inc
Security Federal Corporation
Wintrust Financial Corporation
Flushing Financial Corporation
Monarch Financial Holdings, Inc.
StellarOne Corporation
Union Bankshares Corporation
Tidelands Bancshares, Inc
Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc.
Hawthorn Bancshares, Inc.
The Elmira Savings Bank, FSB
Alliance Financial Corporation
Heartland Financial USA, Inc.
Citizens First Corporation
FFW Corporation
Plains Capital Corporation
Tri-County Financial Corporation
OneUnited Bank
Patriot Bancshares, Inc.
Pacific City Financial Corporation
Marquette National Corporation
Exchange Bank
Monadnock Bancorp, Inc.
Bridgeview Bancorp, Inc.
Fidelity Financial Corporation
Patapsco Bancorp, Inc.
NCAL Bancorp
FCB Bancorp, Inc.
First Financial Bancorp
Bridge Capital Holdings
International Bancshares Corporation
First Sound Bank
M&T Bank Corporation
Emclaire Financial Corp.
Park National Corporation
Green Bankshares, Inc.
Cecil Bancorp, Inc.
Financial Institutions, Inc.
Fulton Financial Corporation
United Bancorporation of Alabama, Inc.
MutualFirst Financial, Inc.
BCSB Bancorp, Inc.
HMN Financial, Inc.
First Community Bank Corporation of America
Sterling Bancorp
Intervest Bancshares Corporation
Peoples Bancorp of North Carolina, Inc.
Parkvale Financial Corporation
Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
1st Constitution Bancorp
Central Jersey Bancorp
Western Illinois Bancshares Inc.
Saigon National Bank
Capital Pacific Bancorp
Uwharrie Capital Corp
Mission Valley Bancorp
The Little Bank, Incorporated
Pacific Commerce Bank
Citizens Community Bank
Seacoast Commerce Bank
TCNB Financial Corp.
Leader Bancorp, Inc.
Nicolet Bankshares, Inc.
Magna Bank
Western Community Bancshares, Inc.
Community Investors Bancorp, Inc.
Capital Bancorp, Inc.
Cache Valley Banking Company
Citizens Bancorp
Tennessee Valley Financial Holdings, Inc.
Pacific Coast Bankers' Bancshares
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Fifth Third Bancorp
Hampton Roads Bankshares, Inc.
CIT Group Inc.
West Bancorporation, Inc.
First Banks, Inc.
FirstMerit Corporation
Farmers Capital Bank Corporation
Peapack-Gladstone Financial Corporation
Commerce National Bank
The First Bancorp, Inc.
Sun Bancorp, Inc.
Crescent Financial Corporation
American Express Company
Central Pacific Financial Corp.
Centrue Financial Corporation
Eastern Virginia Bankshares, Inc.
Colony Bankcorp, Inc.
Independent Bank Corp.
Cadence Financial Corporation
LCNB Corp.
Center Bancorp, Inc.
F.N.B. Corporation
C&F Financial Corporation
North Central Bancshares, Inc.
Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc.
First Bancorp
First Financial Service Corporation
Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.
MidSouth Bancorp, Inc.
First Security Group, Inc.
Shore Bancshares, Inc.
The Queensborough Company
American State Bancshares, Inc.
Security California Bancorp
Security Business Bancorp
Sound Banking Company
Mission Community Bancorp
Redwood Financial Inc.
Surrey Bancorp
Independence Bank
Valley Community Bank
Rising Sun Bancorp
Community Trust Financial Corporation
GrandSouth Bancorporation
Texas National Bancorporation
Congaree Bancshares, Inc.
New York Private Bank & Trust Corporation
Home Bancshares, Inc.
Washington Banking Company/ Whidbey Island Bank
New Hampshire Thrift Bancshares, Inc.
Bar Harbor Bankshares/Bar Harbor Bank & Trust
Somerset Hills Bancorp
SCBT Financial Corporation
S&T Bancorp
ECB Bancorp, Inc./East Carolina Bank
First BanCorp
Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc.
Yadkin Valley Financial Corporation
Carver Bancorp, Inc
Citizens & Northern Corporation
MainSource Financial Group, Inc.
MetroCorp Bancshares, Inc.
United Bancorp, Inc.
Old Second Bancorp, Inc.
Pulaski Financial Corp
OceanFirst Financial Corp.
Community 1st Bank
TCB Holding Company
Centra Financial Holdings, Inc./Centra Bank, Inc.
First Bankers Trustshares, Inc.
Pacific Coast National Bancorp
Community Bank of the Bay
Redwood Capital Bancorp
Syringa Bancorp
Idaho Bancorp
Puget Sound Bank
United Financial Banking Companies, Inc.
Dickinson Financial Corporation
The Baraboo Bancorporation
Bank of Commerce
State Bankshares, Inc.
BNCCORP, Inc.
First Manitowoc Bancorp, Inc.
Southern Bancorp, Inc.
Morrill Bancshares, Inc.
Treaty Oak Bancorp, Inc.
1st Source Corporation
Princeton National Bancorp, Inc.
AB&T Financial Corporation
First Citizens Banc Corp
WSFS Financial Corporation
Commonwealth Business Bank
Seaside National Bank & Trust
CalWest Bancorp
Fresno First Bank
First ULB Corp.
Alarion Financial Services, Inc.
Midland States Bancorp, Inc.
Moscow Bancshares, Inc.
Farmers Bank
California Oaks State Bank
Pierce County Bancorp
Calvert Financial Corporation
Liberty Bancshares, Inc.
Crosstown Holding Company
BankFirst Capital Corporation
Southern Illinois Bancorp, Inc.
FPB Financial Corp.
Stonebridge Financial Corp.
Peoples Bancorp Inc.
Anchor BanCorp
Parke Bancorp, Inc.
Central Virginia Bankshares, Inc.
Flagstar Bancorp, Inc.
Middleburg Financial Corporation
Peninsula Bank Holding Co.
PrivateBancorp, Inc.
Central Valley Community Bancorp
Plumas Bancorp
Stewardship Financial Corporation
Oak Ridge Financial Services, Inc.
First United Corporation
Community Partners Bancorp
Guaranty Federal Bancshares, Inc.
Annapolis Bancorp, Inc.
DNB Financial Corporation
Firstbank Corporation
Valley Commerce Bancorp
Greer Bancshares Incorporated
Ojai Community Bank
Adbanc, Inc
Beach Business Bank
Legacy Bancorp, Inc.
First Southern Bancorp, Inc.
Country Bank Shares, Inc.
Katahdin Bankshares Corp.
Rogers Bancshares, Inc.
UBT Bancshares, Inc.
Bankers' Bank of the West Bancorp, Inc.
W.T.B. Financial Corporation
AMB Financial Corp.
Goldwater Bank, N.A.
Equity Bancshares, Inc.
WashingtonFirst Bank
Central Bancshares, Inc.
Hilltop Community Bancorp, Inc.
Northway Financial, Inc.
Monument Bank
Metro City Bank
F & M Bancshares, Inc.
First Resource Bank
The following is a list of TARP recipients as of January 31, 2009:
Bank of America Corporation
Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Citigroup Inc.
The Goldman Sachs Group
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Morgan Stanley
State Street Corporation
Wells Fargo & Company
Bank of Commerce Holdings
1st FS Corporation
UCBH Holdings, Inc.
Northern Trust Corporation
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
Broadway Financial Corporation
Washington Federal Inc.
BB&T Corp.
Provident Bancshares Corp.
Umpqua Holdings Corp.
Comerica Inc.
Regions Financial Corp.
Capital One Financial Corporation
First Horizon National Corporation
Huntington Bancshares
KeyCorp
Valley National Bancorp
Zions Bancorporation
Marshall & Ilsley
U.S. Bancorp
TCF Financial Corporation
First Niagara Financial Group
HF Financial Corp.
Centerstate Banks of Florida Inc.
City National Corporation
First Community Bankshares Inc.
Western Alliance Bancorporation
Webster Financial Corporation
Pacific Capital Bancorp
Heritage Commerce Corp.
Ameris Bancorp
Porter Bancorp Inc.
Banner Corporation
Cascade Financial Corporation
Columbia Banking System, Inc.
Heritage Financial Corporation
First PacTrust Bancorp, Inc.
Severn Bancorp, Inc.
Boston Private Financial Holdings, Inc.
Associated Banc-Corp
Trustmark Corporation
First Community Corporation
Taylor Capital Group
Nara Bancorp, Inc.
Midwest Banc Holdings, Inc.
MB Financial Inc.
First Midwest Bancorp, Inc.
United Community Banks, Inc.
Wesbanco Bank Inc.
Encore Bancshares Inc.
Manhattan Bancorp
Iberiabank Corporation
Eagle Bancorp, Inc.
Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc.
Coastal Banking Company, Inc.
East West Bancorp
South Financial Group, Inc.
Great Southern Bancorp
Cathay General Bancorp
Southern Community Financial Corp.
CVB Financial Corp
First Defiance Financial Corp.
First Financial Holdings Inc.
Superior Bancorp Inc.
Southwest Bancorp, Inc.
Popular, Inc.
Blue Valley Ban Corp
Central Federal Corporation
Bank of Marin Bancorp
Bank of North Carolina
Central Bancorp, Inc.
Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc.
State Bancorp, Inc.
TIB Financial Corp
Unity Bancorp, Inc.
Old Line Bancshares, Inc.
FPB Bancorp, Inc.
Sterling Financial Corporation
Oak Valley Bancorp
Old National Bancorp
Capital Bank Corporation
Pacific International Bancorp
SVB Financial Group
LNB Bancorp Inc.
Wilmington Trust Corporation
Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc
Signature Bank
HopFed Bancorp
Citizens Republic Bancorp, Inc.
Indiana Community Bancorp
Bank of the Ozarks, Inc.
Center Financial Corporation
NewBridge Bancorp
Sterling Bancshares, Inc.
The Bancorp, Inc.
TowneBank
Wilshire Bancorp, Inc.
Valley Financial Corporation
Independent Bank Corporation
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.
First Litchfield Financial Corporation
National Penn Bancshares, Inc.
Northeast Bancorp
Citizens South Banking Corporation
Virginia Commerce Bancorp
Fidelity Bancorp, Inc.
LSB Corporation
Intermountain Community Bancorp
Community West Bancshares
Synovus Financial Corp.
Tennessee Commerce Bancorp, Inc.
Community Bankers Trust Corporation
BancTrust Financial Group, Inc.
Enterprise Financial Services Corp.
Mid Penn Bancorp, Inc.
Summit State Bank
VIST Financial Corp.
Wainwright Bank & Trust Company
Whitney Holding Corporation
The Connecticut Bank and Trust Company
CoBiz Financial Inc.
Santa Lucia Bancorp
Seacoast Banking Corporation of Florida
Horizon Bancorp
Fidelity Southern Corporation
Community Financial Corporation
Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.
First California Financial Group, Inc
AmeriServ Financial, Inc
Security Federal Corporation
Wintrust Financial Corporation
Flushing Financial Corporation
Monarch Financial Holdings, Inc.
StellarOne Corporation
Union Bankshares Corporation
Tidelands Bancshares, Inc
Bancorp Rhode Island, Inc.
Hawthorn Bancshares, Inc.
The Elmira Savings Bank, FSB
Alliance Financial Corporation
Heartland Financial USA, Inc.
Citizens First Corporation
FFW Corporation
Plains Capital Corporation
Tri-County Financial Corporation
OneUnited Bank
Patriot Bancshares, Inc.
Pacific City Financial Corporation
Marquette National Corporation
Exchange Bank
Monadnock Bancorp, Inc.
Bridgeview Bancorp, Inc.
Fidelity Financial Corporation
Patapsco Bancorp, Inc.
NCAL Bancorp
FCB Bancorp, Inc.
First Financial Bancorp
Bridge Capital Holdings
International Bancshares Corporation
First Sound Bank
M&T Bank Corporation
Emclaire Financial Corp.
Park National Corporation
Green Bankshares, Inc.
Cecil Bancorp, Inc.
Financial Institutions, Inc.
Fulton Financial Corporation
United Bancorporation of Alabama, Inc.
MutualFirst Financial, Inc.
BCSB Bancorp, Inc.
HMN Financial, Inc.
First Community Bank Corporation of America
Sterling Bancorp
Intervest Bancshares Corporation
Peoples Bancorp of North Carolina, Inc.
Parkvale Financial Corporation
Timberland Bancorp, Inc.
1st Constitution Bancorp
Central Jersey Bancorp
Western Illinois Bancshares Inc.
Saigon National Bank
Capital Pacific Bancorp
Uwharrie Capital Corp
Mission Valley Bancorp
The Little Bank, Incorporated
Pacific Commerce Bank
Citizens Community Bank
Seacoast Commerce Bank
TCNB Financial Corp.
Leader Bancorp, Inc.
Nicolet Bankshares, Inc.
Magna Bank
Western Community Bancshares, Inc.
Community Investors Bancorp, Inc.
Capital Bancorp, Inc.
Cache Valley Banking Company
Citizens Bancorp
Tennessee Valley Financial Holdings, Inc.
Pacific Coast Bankers' Bancshares
SunTrust Banks, Inc.
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Fifth Third Bancorp
Hampton Roads Bankshares, Inc.
CIT Group Inc.
West Bancorporation, Inc.
First Banks, Inc.
FirstMerit Corporation
Farmers Capital Bank Corporation
Peapack-Gladstone Financial Corporation
Commerce National Bank
The First Bancorp, Inc.
Sun Bancorp, Inc.
Crescent Financial Corporation
American Express Company
Central Pacific Financial Corp.
Centrue Financial Corporation
Eastern Virginia Bankshares, Inc.
Colony Bankcorp, Inc.
Independent Bank Corp.
Cadence Financial Corporation
LCNB Corp.
Center Bancorp, Inc.
F.N.B. Corporation
C&F Financial Corporation
North Central Bancshares, Inc.
Carolina Bank Holdings, Inc.
First Bancorp
First Financial Service Corporation
Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.
MidSouth Bancorp, Inc.
First Security Group, Inc.
Shore Bancshares, Inc.
The Queensborough Company
American State Bancshares, Inc.
Security California Bancorp
Security Business Bancorp
Sound Banking Company
Mission Community Bancorp
Redwood Financial Inc.
Surrey Bancorp
Independence Bank
Valley Community Bank
Rising Sun Bancorp
Community Trust Financial Corporation
GrandSouth Bancorporation
Texas National Bancorporation
Congaree Bancshares, Inc.
New York Private Bank & Trust Corporation
Home Bancshares, Inc.
Washington Banking Company/ Whidbey Island Bank
New Hampshire Thrift Bancshares, Inc.
Bar Harbor Bankshares/Bar Harbor Bank & Trust
Somerset Hills Bancorp
SCBT Financial Corporation
S&T Bancorp
ECB Bancorp, Inc./East Carolina Bank
First BanCorp
Texas Capital Bancshares, Inc.
Yadkin Valley Financial Corporation
Carver Bancorp, Inc
Citizens & Northern Corporation
MainSource Financial Group, Inc.
MetroCorp Bancshares, Inc.
United Bancorp, Inc.
Old Second Bancorp, Inc.
Pulaski Financial Corp
OceanFirst Financial Corp.
Community 1st Bank
TCB Holding Company
Centra Financial Holdings, Inc./Centra Bank, Inc.
First Bankers Trustshares, Inc.
Pacific Coast National Bancorp
Community Bank of the Bay
Redwood Capital Bancorp
Syringa Bancorp
Idaho Bancorp
Puget Sound Bank
United Financial Banking Companies, Inc.
Dickinson Financial Corporation
The Baraboo Bancorporation
Bank of Commerce
State Bankshares, Inc.
BNCCORP, Inc.
First Manitowoc Bancorp, Inc.
Southern Bancorp, Inc.
Morrill Bancshares, Inc.
Treaty Oak Bancorp, Inc.
1st Source Corporation
Princeton National Bancorp, Inc.
AB&T Financial Corporation
First Citizens Banc Corp
WSFS Financial Corporation
Commonwealth Business Bank
Seaside National Bank & Trust
CalWest Bancorp
Fresno First Bank
First ULB Corp.
Alarion Financial Services, Inc.
Midland States Bancorp, Inc.
Moscow Bancshares, Inc.
Farmers Bank
California Oaks State Bank
Pierce County Bancorp
Calvert Financial Corporation
Liberty Bancshares, Inc.
Crosstown Holding Company
BankFirst Capital Corporation
Southern Illinois Bancorp, Inc.
FPB Financial Corp.
Stonebridge Financial Corp.
Peoples Bancorp Inc.
Anchor BanCorp
Parke Bancorp, Inc.
Central Virginia Bankshares, Inc.
Flagstar Bancorp, Inc.
Middleburg Financial Corporation
Peninsula Bank Holding Co.
PrivateBancorp, Inc.
Central Valley Community Bancorp
Plumas Bancorp
Stewardship Financial Corporation
Oak Ridge Financial Services, Inc.
First United Corporation
Community Partners Bancorp
Guaranty Federal Bancshares, Inc.
Annapolis Bancorp, Inc.
DNB Financial Corporation
Firstbank Corporation
Valley Commerce Bancorp
Greer Bancshares Incorporated
Ojai Community Bank
Adbanc, Inc
Beach Business Bank
Legacy Bancorp, Inc.
First Southern Bancorp, Inc.
Country Bank Shares, Inc.
Katahdin Bankshares Corp.
Rogers Bancshares, Inc.
UBT Bancshares, Inc.
Bankers' Bank of the West Bancorp, Inc.
W.T.B. Financial Corporation
AMB Financial Corp.
Goldwater Bank, N.A.
Equity Bancshares, Inc.
WashingtonFirst Bank
Central Bancshares, Inc.
Hilltop Community Bancorp, Inc.
Northway Financial, Inc.
Monument Bank
Metro City Bank
F & M Bancshares, Inc.
First Resource Bank
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